1.According to the Author of the Riga Veda, There is no definitive way that the universe was created. All that is known is that somehow one being came alive and created the universe. The author starts off by writing ” There was neither non-existence nor existence then”. This is stating that the universe initially started off with nothing. Then the author goes on to say “There was neither death nor immortality then. There was no distinguishing sign of day or night. That one breathed, windless, by it’s own impulse.” The author continued the writing with statement that suggest that nothing existed at all. Then of that nothing, something just came alive. “that one” is the one that somehow came alive. That is the being that began the universe. The author continues by showing the first signs of the universe that was created by “that one”. At the end of the writing, the author then completely negates the theory by saying “Who really knows?” The author then further suggests that no one really knows for sure who ” That one” is and how it created us all. The author even says that the gods don’t even know. All this evidence can tell us that the world was started off by one being, yet we don’t know how.

1. The speaker’s tone is one of uncertainty. Much of what is written suggests that the writing cannot be proven. The speaker continually asks questions. The purpose of this is to have the reader think, and question along with the speaker. By referring to the creator of the universe as “That one”, the author further creates a feeling of uncertainty, because the being has no name and cannot be proven. “That one” signifies the author’s lack of knowledge of the true nature of the origins of the universe. At the end of the reading, the author mentions that not even the gods know what happened. After all the previous questions, this final question serves the main point. No one really knows what started the universe. The author’s tone of uncertainty helps emphasize this, because we as the reader can relate. We do not know ourselves.